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Four elements comprising matter - Discovery of the atom
Geocentric model - Copernicus' theory
Heliocentric model - Galileo's Telescope
Discworld model - Columbus's Santa maria
Moon is made of cheese - Neil Armstrong and the Moon Landing
Little green men from mars - Mars Landing
Abiogenesis/Spontaneous Generation - Louis Pasteur
Lightning cannot be harnessed - Benjamin Franklin's kite experiment
Phlogiston theory - Discovery of oxygen
Tomatoes are poisonous - Modern salad
This project was originally going to just be a slide show of major discoveries and how that changed the perception of the world. That was suggested to be a bit boring, and changed to showing people's reactions and responses to the discovery. That was found to be extremely difficult to convey with an image or two alone. The before and after pairs worked well enough for my initial premise (the earth is flat), so I went with that. It shows "what they were up against" in a way, the assumptions each explorer needed to change. Even something as harmless as eating a tomato was thought to be deadly, so no one did.
The hardest part of this project was finding appropriate images. Have you ever tried finding a picture of the discovery of oxygen? And who knows what Louis Pasteur looks like anymore. I erred on the side of diagrams for the geocentric, heliocentric, and four elements slides for clarity. Some of these are good if you get it already, like mice spontaneously arising from grain, but make no sense out of context. And some of the images just did not work at all, and I had to end up using a Magic card for before lightning was discovered to be electricity.